高中一年级主要语法点
必学1、直接引语和间接引语;目前进行时表以后;定语从句
必学2、定语从句;被动语态
必学3、情态动词;名词性从句
必学4、主谓一致;非谓语动词 ;构词法
必学2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的 第二单元 一般以后时的主被动 第三单元目前完成时的主被动 第四单元 目前进行时的主被动 第五单元 介词+which/whom的使用方法
必学3 一二单元 情态动词的使用方法 三单元 宾语从句和表语从句 四单元 主语从句
五单元 同位语从句
必学4 第一单元 主谓一致 第二单 v-ing作主语和宾语的使用方法 第三单元 v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语 第四单元 v-ing作状语 第五单元 构词法
必学5 第一单元 过去分词作定语和表语 第二单元 过去分词作宾语补足语 第三单元 过去分词作状语 第四单元 倒装句 第五单元 省略句
人教版必学一各单元要点汇总
Unit One Friendship
1、重点短语
1.go through 历程,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话
2. set down 记下,放手
3. a series of 一系列
4 on purpose 有目的的
5. in order to 为了
6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻
7. face to face 面对面
8. fall in love 爱上
9. join in 参加(某个活动); take part in 参加(活动)
join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)
10. calm down 冷静下来
11. suffer from 遭受
12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦
13. be concerned about 关心
14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽
15. be good at/do well in 善于于…
16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…
18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…
19. not…until 直到… 才
20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不高兴
21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
2、语法----直接引语和间接引语
概 念:直接引语:直接引述其他人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
间接引语:用我们的话转述其他人的话。间接引语在多数状况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
Mr. Black said that he was busy.
变化规则
(一)陈述句的变化规则
直接引语若是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地址状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主如果要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的变化
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
一般目前时 | 一般过去时 |
目前进行时 | 过去进行时 |
目前完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 |
一般以后时 | 过去以后时 |
过去完成时 | 过去完成时 |
例:
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意:假如直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时间状语、地址状语和动词的变化
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
this | that |
these | those |
now | then |
ago | before/earlier |
today | that day |
yesterday | the day before |
tomorrow | the next/following day |
the day after tomorrow | In two day’s time |
come | go |
here | there |
the day before yesterday | two days before/earlier |
祈使句的变化规则
假如直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并依据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,假如祈使句是不是定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(三)疑问句的变化规则
假如直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。
一般疑问句:假如直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2) 特殊疑问句:假如间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
Unit two English around the world
1、重点短语
1. be different from 与…不同
be the same as 与…一样
2. one another 相互,彼此(=each other)
3. official language 官方语言
4. at the end of 在…结束时
5. because of 由于(后接名词或名词性短语)
because 由于(后接句子)
6. native speakers 说母语的人
7. be based on 依据,依据
8. at present 现在;当今
9. especially 特别,特别
specially 专门地
10. make use of 借助…
make the best of 充分借助…
11. a large number of 很多的,不少(作主语,谓语动词用复数)
the number of …的数目(作主语,谓语动词用单数)
12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上
13. believe it or not 信不信由你
14. there is no such thing as… 没如此的事…
15. be expected to …被期待做某事
16. play a part/role in … 在…起用途
17. make lists of…列清单
18. included 包含(前面接包含的对象)
Including包含(后接包含的对象)
19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事
command + that 从句(从句用should+V原)
20. request sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
request + that 从句
2、语法----英语中的命令(command)语气和请求语气
命令语气:表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不如何礼貌,一般用于上级对下级
例:1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.
2. Open the window!
请求语气:表示请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,很礼貌
例:1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.
2. Would you please open the window?
Unit 3 Travel journal
1、重点短语
1. travel----泛指旅游
journey----指长期长距离的陆上旅游
voyage----指长距离的水上旅游,也可以指乘飞机旅游
trip----常指短期短距离的旅游
tour----指周游,巡回旅游,
2. prefer to 愈加喜欢,宁可
prefer A to B 比起B,更喜欢A
prefer doing to doing 比起做…,宁可做…
prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如…
3. flow through 流过,流经
4. ever since 自从
5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
6. be fond of 喜欢
7. insist on doing 坚持做某事
insist + that 从句(用should+ V原)
8. care about 关心
9. change one’s mind 改变想法
10. altitude 高度
attitude 态度,怎么看
11. make up one’s mind to do下定决心做某事
= decide to do = make a decision to do
12. give in 让步,屈服
give up 舍弃
13. be surprised to … 对…感到惊奇
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是…
14. at last = finally = in the end 最后
15. sTOP to do 停下来去做某事
sTOP doing 停止做某事
16. as usual 像平常一样
17. so…that 这样… 以至于…
So + adj + a/an + n. + that
Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that
18. be familiar with 对…熟知(人作主语)
be familiar to 为…所熟知(物作主语)
2、语法:目前进行时表以后
目前进行时表以后,表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作,容易见到的目前进行时表以后的动词有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.
例:1. I’m coming. 我就来
2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天干什么?
3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅游
4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪儿/
Unit four Earthquakes
1、重点短语
1. right away 立刻,立刻(= at once = in no time)
2. asleep 睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡)
sleep 睡;睡眠
sleepy 犯困的
3. it seems that/ as if … 看来仿佛… ;好像
4. in ruins 成为废墟
5. the number of …的数目(谓语动词用单数)
a number of 很多(谓语动词用复数)
6. rescue workers 营救职员
Come to one’s rescue 营救某人
7. be trapped 被困
8. how long 多久
how often 多长时间,指平率
how soon 还要多长时间(用于以后时当中,用in+时间段回答)
9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的
10. dig out 挖出
11. shake----泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震撼,颤抖”
例:1. She felt the earth shaking under him.
2. She was shaken with anger.
quake---- 指较强烈的震动,如地震
例: The building quaked on its foundation
Tremble---- 指人因为寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖
例:Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.
Shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦
例:A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.
12. rise ---- vi, 上升;升起, 无被动语态;give rise to 引起
Raise(raised—raised)---- vt, 举起;筹集;养育
Arise ----vt, 出现(常指问题或现象)
13. injure---- 常指因意料之外事故导致的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害
例:He was injured in a car accident.
harm---- 泛指“伤害,损害”,既能够指有生命的,也可以指无生命的
例:1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.
2. His business was harmed for some reason.
hurt---- 既能够指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害
例:1. She hurt her leg when she fell.
2. He felt hurt at your word.
wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤
例:The bullet wounded him in the arm.
14. be prepared for …= make preparations for… 为…做筹备
15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意;为纪念
Be/ feel honored to do … 做…感到非常荣幸
16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言
opening speech 开幕词
17. give/ provide shelter to …向…提供庇护所
seek shelter from…躲避
18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇,发生
happen to do sth. 偶然;碰巧
happen ----指偶然发生
take place----指事先计划好的事情发生
2、语法----定语从句
定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:that,which,who;或者关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句有哪些用途。
1. 关系代词that的使用方法
关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语
例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly.
2)The noodles I cooked were delicious.
3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there?
4)The girl we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,
2. 关系代词which的使用方法
关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既能够做宾语也能作主语
例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water.
2)The fish we bought this morning were not fresh.
3. 关系代词who,whom的使用方法
关系代词who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语
例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.
2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. 、
4. 关系代词whose在的使用方法
关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既能够是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既能够做主语也可以做宾语。
例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
2) The room whose window faces south is mine.
3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.
5. 关系副词when的使用方法
关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语
例:1)I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
2) Do you remember the afternoon when we first met three years ago?
6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的使用方法
关系副词where在定语从句中做地址状语
例:1)This is the place where we first met.
2) The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的使用方法
关系副词why在定语从句中作缘由状语
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why I left.
2). The reason why he has late was that he missed the train.
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero
1、重点词语
1. selfish 自私的
selfless 无私的
2. devote oneself to… 致力于;捐躯于
3. fight against 对抗,反对
fight for 为… 而战
4. principle 原则
principal 校长;主要的
5. offer guidance to …给…提供指导
6. out of work 失业
7. join 加入(组织,会所,成为其中一员)
join in 参加(活动)
take part in 参加(活动)
8. as + adj +as one can 尽量…
= as + adj. +as possible
9. as a matter of fact 事实上(=in fact)
10. blow up 爆炸,炸掉
11. set up 打造 ; set about 着手,开始做( set about doing sth.)
set off 出发,动身 ; set out 开始,出发(set out to do sth.)
12. be sentenced to 被判…
13. be equal to 与…相等;胜任
14. be proud of 为…感到自豪
15. give out 分发 (give off 散发出(气味))
16. die for 为…而死
die of 死于(自己缘由,如疾病)
die from 死于(外在缘由,如车祸)
17. realize one’s dream of … 达成..的梦想
18. only 坐落于句首时,要主谓倒装
例:only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only in this way, can we protect the environment better.
二.语法----定语从句
详见第四单元