put和away都是初中学过的词语，根据正常的推理，不少学生比较容易把put和away的意思加到一块，进而推出“放到一边”甚至是“扔掉”的意思，而这两者都突出了“不看重”的意思。事实上，put away是“收放好”的意思。
大家再来看一个例子：
You should put away these books for later use.
依据后面的提示“for later use”，你能猜出put away的意思是吗？
Keys：收放好
批注：相信这次有了for later use的提示，学生不会再把put away猜成“扔掉”的意思。以上两个例子说明了学英语不可以靠单传地记忆单词，即单词不是学英语的最小单位，而应该是语境。到底什么是语境呢？下面的内容大家将会学习到。
Have you ever thought about what context is（语境）? Can you provide some examples of context?
1、 语境的定义
语境，顾名思义指的是语言的用法环境语境。语境在英语词语教学中具备要紧有哪些用途，正如利奇所说 “You know a word by the company it keeps. ”“No context ,no text .”简而言之，借助语境学词语的核心理念在于：只有在短语或句子中，才能体现出词语明确的意义和使用方法，能够帮助更好的理解。
2、 借助语境辨析同义单词或者短语
1. 表“看”的词语：
see: “看到”的结果，see the film
e.g. When I looked out of the window I saw her crossing the road. 我向窗外看时，看见她在过马路。
watch: 观看，看守，当心 watch TV, watch a match
e.g. "Now watch it, Patsy," the sergeant told her. “当心，帕齐，”警官提醒她说。
Parents can't be expected to watch their children 24 hours a day. 不可以指望爸爸妈妈全天24小时都照看我们的孩子。
look: 不及物动词看，表示“看”这个动作，look at the photo, look at the blackboard
e.g. I look at the beautiful girl in the fog, but I can't see her clearly.
observe: 察看到，强调结果
e.g. It was observed by none. 无人看见这件事。
notice: 注意到，注意到
e.g. She didn't notice that I had entered the room. 她没看到我已经走进屋里。
view: 察看，查询 view … as…
e.g. They viewed his actions as unnecessary. 他们觉得他画蛇添足。
批注：记单词时，大家看到see，同时就要记住see的近义词/短语，并且同时对这类词语或者短语进行简单的区别，主要依赖固定搭配来区别，如此对解决完形填空题帮助非常大，如一般只有view才和as搭配。
训练：
1. Several possible buyers have come to the house.
A. look B. observe C. view D. watch
2. They the train until it disappeared in the distance.
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed
Keys: 1. C该题意思是“几个可能是买主的人来看过房屋”.observe, watch含有“察看”的意思，look是不及物动词，不可以直接跟宾语.
2. B这句话的意思为“他们注视失火车直到它消失在远方”；saw意思是“看见”noticed“注意到”；observed “注意到，察看”，都强调结果，只有watched “察看”强调动作的延续。
2. 表“花费”的词语：
spend：“花费”时间做某事，spend some time doing sth.，“花费”资金用于某物，spend some money on sth.
e.g. I spent $100 on the bike. 我花了一百USD买下那辆自行车。They spent three month touring Europe. 他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。
take：“花费”时间做某事，it take sb. some time to do sth.，doing sth. takes sb. some time
e.g. It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修理汽车。
cosplayt：某物“花费”某人资金，sth. cosplayt sb. some money
e.g. The error cosplayt the company one million pounds. 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。
pay for：“花费”资金用于某物，sb. pay some money for sth.
e.g. I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每一个月要付20英磅的房租。
批注：假如根据语境再做个详细的归类，会有以下发现：
人烧钱用于某事/物：spend… on…, pay for 反过来 某物/花费某人资金：cosplayt
人烧钱用于某事：spend… doing sth., take
训练：
1、综合用：这件外套花费了我100元。运用几种不一样的表达方法进行翻译。
2. They spend too much time the report.
A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
3. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive.
--No，they only l0 yuan．
A．spent B．took C．paid D．cosplayt
4. --Will you please for my dinner Peter?
--Sure!
A. spend B. pay C. cosplayt D. take
5. It will me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cosplayt C. spend D. pay
6. This science book ____ me a great amount of money.
A. took B. cosplayt C. used D. spent
Keys:
①I spend 100 yuan on this coat.=I spend 100 yuan to buy this coat.
②The coat cosplayt me 100 yuan.=It cosplayt me 100 yuan to buy this coat.
③I paid 100 yuan for this coat.
④It takes me 100 yuan to buy this coat.
2-6. A D B A B
3. 表“带”的词语：
bring：带来，向说话人方向挨近
e.g. He brought a new book with him. 他带来一本新书。
take：带走，离得远远的说话人方向
e.g. Please take the letter to the post office. 请把这封信送到邮局去
carry：携带，无方向
e.g. The wounded soldiers were carried away. 伤兵被运走了。
fetch：去拿回来，先过去拿，然后带过来
e.g. Fetch me my hat please. 请把我的帽子取来。
训练：
1.bring 2.take 3.fetch 4.get 5.carry
使用适合的词填空。
Next time don’t forget to ___________ me a copy of your work.
Please _______ these books to the library for me.
Please ________ me the documents in that room.
____________ that box with you, and if it is too heavy for you to ________it, I’ll send Joe to _______it.
Keys: 1. bring 2. take 3. fetch / get 4. Bring, carry, fetch/get
4. 表“参加”的词语：
attend：常指参加或出席正式的活动或场所，如结婚典礼，会议等
e.g. He did not attend the wedding yesterday. 昨天他没参加结婚典礼。
join：指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，与参军等
e.g. I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。
join in：一般指参加某种活动，特别指和别的人一块参加某项活动
e.g. I hope you”ll all join in the discussion.我期望你们大伙都参加讨论。
take part in：指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动等，总是指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份用途，有时与join in可互换
e.g. We should take an active part in school activities.大家应该积极参加学校的活动。
participate in：是“参与，参加”活动，讨论等。和take part in可以互用。
e.g. Lily didn't participate in the discussion yesterday.丽丽昨天没参加讨论。
训练：
1.attend 2.join 3.join in 4.take part in
使用适合的词填空。
All of us will the celebration of the victory of World War Ⅱ.
The genius the International Association of Poets when he was only fourteen years old.
We'll social practice during the summer vacation.
e'll an important meeting tomorrow.
Keys: 1. join in, 2. join, 3. take part in, 4. attend
考考你！
speak，say，tell的意思是？他们之间有什么区别是什么？
Keys：是“讲”。
不同：speak接某种语言，say后面接具体讲的话，tell和story和lie是固定搭配。
3、 借助语境辨析多义词
效率低的记单词方法：词素——词语——词组——句子。 特征：结构上严谨，意思上孤立。
语境学单词法：重视整体与情景。（讲故事），如：
1、dear是个多义词，可以编成一句话来记忆它的不认可义如：Oh dear（哎呀）!My dear（亲爱的）, it's too dear（这太贵了）。如此生动有趣，对dear一词的多种意义也就比较容易地学会了。
2、eager意思是“渴望的，热心的”，学生一般理解为“渴望”，所以当作v.，但放在be eager to do 这个语境中就比较容易理解为adj.了
3、water
（a）I’m very thirsty, and I want to drink some water.
（b）The flowers are dry, and I must water them every day.
（c）There is some water in the bottle, and we can drink it.
批注：从语境中大家可猜测出 句中的water 是水，句的是浇水的意思，从中大家也可以了解water 不一样的词性和使用方法。即，记water意识时大家记得是短语（drink some water, water flowers），而不是孤立的单词。如此既便于记住词性和词义，也便于学会单词的运用。
考考你！
这类sound都的意思是呢？
1. The house was surprisingly sound, though it was more than two hundred years old.
2. These children are mentally sound, but physically handicapped.
3. This wall gives back the sound of your voice.
4. I have a sound sleep after walking a whole day in the countryside.
5. It sounds great that boys and girls will have the same education in Africa.
6. Fortunately, we were safe and sound after the earthquake.
Keys：依据上面例句中给出的具体语境,大家可以了解 “sound” 的词义按顺序分别为: “坚固的”、“完善的”、 “声音”、 “香甜的”、“听起来”、 “完好的”。
4、 借助语境理解词语的文化含义
为何大家会说，“这个明星近期非常红”而不是“这个明星近期非常绿呢”
-----由于这是大家的习惯表达！
正如大家中文中的俗语一样，英语中也有很多特定的表达，从字面上大家没办法准确判断含义，这个时候，大家就需要将这类俗语放到语境中进行理解，语境有哪些用途也就格外要紧
下面大家举几个例子来看看吧，你了解green hand, let the cat out of the bag和Do as the Romans do分别的意思是吗？下面大家把这几个词放入句子中，目前你能猜出他们的意思是吗？
e.g. He is a green hand and he should learn from all of you.
e.g. The police finally let the cat out of the bag and Peter was set free.
e.g. Peter doesn’t know how to use chopsticks but he always knows Do as the Romans do.So he starts to follow the host.
从第一句话中表明“他需要像你们学习”可以得出“green hand”指的是“新人”；第二句中说“警察最后将Peter无罪释放”，可以推断出“let the cat out of the bag”指的是“查明真相“;最后一句更容易推断，既然“他开始模仿主人”那比较容易就理解“do as the Romans do”的意思就是“入乡随俗”。
从上面的例子看，将这类俗语放入特定的语境，理解起来其实是否也挺简单的呢？
1.依据语境辨析单词和短语的使用方法：
由…制成：be made of, be made from
1. The desk is made __________ wood.
2. Paper is made__________ wood.
3. This kite is made __________ paper.
4. Salt is made __________seawater.
Keys: 1.of 2.from 3.of 4.from
…熟知…：be familiar with, be familiar to
Are you this type of car?
The city isn't me.
Keys: 1. be familiar with 2. be familiar to
借：borrow, lend, keep
Can you me 5000$? I will pay you back tomorrow?
Can I it for five days?
I two English novels from the school library.
Keys: 1. lend 2. keep 3. borrowed
