2011年普通高等学校招生全国高中三年级英语统一考试

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）

试题副标题

考试范围：xxx；考试时间：120分钟；命题人：xxx

1.  （1分）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you __________ the tough years.

A．through B．up C．with D．from

2.  （1分）To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered __________.

A．the other B．other C．the others D．another

3.  （1分）It's no use __________ without taking action.

A．complain B．complaining

C．being complained D．to be complained

4.  （1分）I __________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.

A．can't B．mustn't C．daren't D．needn't

5.  （1分）When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with __________ money.

A．so few B．such few C．so little D．such little

6.  （1分）It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party, __________?

A．doesn't it B．does it C．don't they D．do they

7.  （1分）After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team __________ four days later.

A．rescued B．was rescued

C．has rescued D．had been rescued

8.  （1分）The rare fish, __________ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.

A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved

9.  （1分）At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, __________ that he could do nothing to help.

A．to realize B．realized

C．realizing D．being realized

10. （1分）Did you predict that many students __________ up for the dance competition?

A．would sign B．signed C．have signed D．had signed

11. （1分）There is clear evidence __________ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.

A．what B．if C．how D．that

12. （1分）If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won't bother to see it, or I'll wait __________ it comes out on DVD.

A．whether B．after C．though D．until

13. （1分）The police officers in our city work hard __________ the rest of us can live a safe life.

A．in case B．as if

C．in order that D．only if

14. （1分）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of __________ others actually understand.

A．why B．that C．which D．what

15. （1分）You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station __________ you can hire to reach your host family.

A．which B．where C．when D．as

16. （1分）Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing…but we seem __________ the art of communicating face-to-face.

A．losing B．to be losing C．to be lost D．having lost

How would you like to wear the same underwear for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as __________ as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide __________ resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.

The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost __________ clean.

By observing nature, scientists are __________ the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been __________. Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special __________ on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been __________ to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers .

Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic __________ will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger __________ on our lives.

Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __________ , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. once companies have attracted customers they often __________ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— __________ that the customer remains a customer.

 __________ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers cosplayts business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __________, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __________ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __________ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting  customers led to __________ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

In the US, Domino's Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __________ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __________ profits .

The logic behind cultivating customer __________ is impossible to deny. "In practice most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __________ them", says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University's School of Management. Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __________ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cosplayt less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __________, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __________ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

26. A．in particular B．in reality

C．at least D．first of all

27. A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe

28. A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving

29. A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing

30. A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses

31. A．cultural B．social C．financial D．economical

32. A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference

33. A．cosplayt B．opportunity C．profit D．budget

34. A．as a result B．on the whole

C．in conclusion D．on the contrary

35. A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable

36. A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest

37. A．altering B．understanding

C．keeping D．attracting

38. A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected

39. A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive

40. A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient

The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother's brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.

During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn't dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.

My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis'sArchy vertical-align:middle;">Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.

Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favourite niece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.

41. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?

A．She lent her some serious classics.

B．She cultivated her taste for music.

C．She discovered her talent for dancing.

D．She introduced her to adult plays.

42. What doesArchy and Mehitabelin Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

A．A book of great fun.

B．A writer of high fame.

C．A serious masterpiece.

D．A heartbreaking play.

43. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to __________.

A．develop her capabilities for writing

B．give her a chance to collect material

C．involve her in teenage social activities

D．offer her a series of writing jobs

44. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who __________.

A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined

B．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential

C．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils

D．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning

Humpback whales

45. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale __________.

A．cannot survive in waters near the shore

B．doesn’t live in the same waters all the time

C．lives mainly on underwater plants

D．prefers to work alone when hunting food

46. To make a breach, a humpback whale must __________.

A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the water

B．twist its body sideways to jump high

C．blow two streams of water

D．communicate with a group of humpbacks

47. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale __________.

A．has its unique markings on it tail flukes

B．has black and white fingerprints

C．gets its name from the way it hunts

D．is a great performer due to its songs

Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.

“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.

The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.

The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.

Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.

Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”

The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.

48. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because __________.

A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remains

B．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research

C．it was introduced by the government without their knowledge

D．it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains

49. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.

B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.

C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.

D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.

50. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?

A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.

B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.

C．The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.

D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.

51. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.

B．Research time should be extended, scientists require.

C．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.

D．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.

__________

With the arrival of the age of "information economy", intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.

__________

There is a joke in the novelScoopabout the newspaper's owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he's right about something they answer "definitely", and when he's wrong they say "to some extent, Lord Copper." It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.

__________

In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.

__________

There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that we'll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.

__________

Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.

A．Manufacturing industry in information economy

B．News in the age of information

C．Argument about individual accounts and their reliability

D．Be your own investigative journalist.

E．Don't believe everything you read in the newspapers.

F．Information is presented in an entertaining way.

Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.

One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.

The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.

It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turned out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.

57. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?

________________________________________________________________________________________________

58. What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?

________________________________________________________________________________________________

59. After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation __________.

60. From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is __________ that make an organization more successful.

61. （3分）你为何不在在线订票？

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

62. （4分）我常把王海误觉得他的双胞胎弟弟，由于他们长得太像了。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

63. （4分）对爸爸妈妈而言，没什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

64. （4分）自从出国留学后，她就不再和大家维持联系了。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

65. （5分）假如能找到任何合适你的学习技巧，你的学习效率就可能明显提升。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

66. （25分）

倘若你是启明中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困区域的儿童。依据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不可以提到真实名字和学校）。

参考答案及分析

1、 单选题

1.  【答案】A

 【分析】考查介词辨析。句意：毕业时一个非常合适感谢那些过去帮你度过艰难日子的人的好机会。A. 渡过，通过；B. 向上；C. 和；D. 从……。through the tough years意为渡过艰难的日子。故选A。

2.  【答案】D

 【分析】考查代词。句意：为了维持清醒，他喝完一杯咖啡，再点多一杯。重点考查代词other，others，the other，another之间有什么区别。the other表示两者中的另一个，为特指，other泛指其他的人或物；the others等于other+复数名词，another泛指另一个，是两者以上的事物泛指另一个。这里是任意的另一杯咖啡，没特指的意味，不选A，故选D。

3.  【答案】B

 【分析】考查固定句型。句意：只不过抱怨不采取行动是没用的。本题考查固定句型“It is no using doing sth”意为“做......没用处”。这里it做形式主语，complaining without taking action是真的的主语。故选B。

4.  【答案】D

 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：我没必要担忧周末——我一直在那之前就做好了安排。can't“不可以”；mustn’t“禁止”；daren’t“不敢”。needn't“不必”。本题考查对情态动词的选择，可以结合句意与情态动词本身的意义来做出选择。依据语境可知，此处表示没必要，故选D。

5.  【答案】C

 【分析】考查so的固定使用方法。句意：母亲回顾她们早期的生活时，她想了解他们如何使用那样少的钱生活的。money是不可数名词，用little修饰，当名词前有many、much、few、little修饰时，只可以用so。故选C。

6.  【答案】B

 【分析】考查反意疑问句。句意：假如他们想参加你的聚会也没关系。通常情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词维持一致。含有宾语从句的反义疑问句，反问时应付主句进行反问，此题主句的谓语动词为doesn’t，依据前肯后否，前否后肯的规律，用does it来反问。故选B。

7.  【答案】B

 【分析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一名海军士兵在暴风雪中迷失了四天后被成功获救了。由句中的four days later可知句子要用一般过去时，又由于a member of the navy team与rescue之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。

8.  【答案】A

 【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从油锅里被挽救的这条稀少的鱼，已经被送回大海。句子的主语fish和save之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作定语。等于一个非限制性定语从句，which was saved。尽管C项也是被动形式，但不定式的被动结构，表示以后。故选A。

9.  【答案】C

 【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一度我曾下定决心和Sam叔叔谈谈，但意识到他也帮不了什么忙，我就改变主意了。剖析句子结构可知，逗号前为主句，逗号后应是非谓语动词形式作状语，主句主语是I与动词realize是主动关系，因此用目前分词，从而排除表被动的B和D。A项to do表动词还未发生，故排除。故选C。

10. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查动词时态。句意：你预测到将会有很多学生报名参加舞蹈比赛么？从predict意思是“预计/预测”，表明其后宾语从句的动作在当时髦未发生，所以从句时态应该是以后时，再考虑主句时态did you predict为一般过去时，所以宾语从句的时态最后确定为过去以后时，即从过去的时间看马上发生的事，用过去以后时。故选A。

11. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查名词性从句。句意：有明显证据表明最很难描述的感受是源于身体的伤痛。通过剖析句子的成分可知，此处的the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain是同位语从句，用来讲明evidence是什么，不缺成分，不需要添加其它意思，所以用that引导从句。故选D。

12. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查连词辨析。句意：假如不少人都说一部电影不好，我就不会去（电影院）看，或者我会等到它的DVD出版。A选项“是不是”；B选项“在......之后”；C选项“虽然，尽管”；D选项“直到......”；D项符合语境，故选D。

13. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查连词辨析。句意：为了让其余的人过上安全的生活，大家城市里的警察工作非常认真。A选项“以防，万一”，引导条件状语从句，常用in case+句子或in case of+名词结构；B选项“好像，仿佛”，引导方法状语从句和表语从句；C选项“为了，以便于”，引导目的状语从句；D选项“只须”，引导条件状语从句，且一般要用倒装结构。依据句意“为了让其余的人过上安全的生活”可推知这里是由in order that引导的目的状语从句，故选C。

14. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查名词性从句。句意：你想通过话语传达的信息或许正与别的人实质理解的相反。通过剖析句子成分可知，others actually understand是宾语从句作介词of的宾语。从句中understand后缺少宾语，故用what引导，故选D。

15. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查定语从句。句意：你会找到一辆等在车站的出租车，搭载你到寄宿家庭。通过剖析句子的成分可知，从句中缺少宾语，应用关系代词，which充当hire的宾语，修饰先行词taxis。故选A。

16. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天大家可以通过聊天室、短信息、邮件等进行交流，但大家好像正在失去面对面交流的艺术。seem后面常跟动词不定式，依据句意，大家好像“正在失去”面对面交流的艺术和时间状语today可知，用seem to be doing表示与谓语动作同时进行且正在进行。故选B。

2、 使用适合的单词或短语填空

●   【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的自我清洗的衣物材料和应用。

17. 【答案】unpleasant；

 【分析】考查形容词。由as…as it sounds结构可知，此处空白处要填入一个形容词，又由owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials可推断出unpleasant符合句意，故选unpleasant。

18. 【答案】superior；

 【分析】考查形容词。剖析此句句子结构可知，空白处也应该填入形容词，superior“较好的”符合句意，故选superior。

19. 【答案】miraculously；

 【分析】考查副词。由remaining almost __________ clean可知此处应填入一个副词，miraculously“奇迹般地，出人预料地”符合句意。故选miraculously。

20. 【答案】applying；

 【分析】考查动词。由句中的be动词are与后面的介词to可知，此处应填入动词的目前分词形式，并且可以与介词to搭配，apply sth. to sth.。故选applying。

21. 【答案】launched；

 【分析】考查动词。“some remarkable new products have been launched”意为“一些引人注目的新品已经被开始生产”，与上下文相符。故选launched。

22. 【答案】coating；

 【分析】考查名词。依据后面的on the windows与their surfaces可知此处填coating“涂层，表层”符合句意。故选coating。

23. 【答案】fixed；

 【分析】考查动词。be fixed to意为“被安装到......上”。故选fixed。

24. 【答案】advances；

 【分析】考查名词。“more dramatic advances will be made in the future.”意为“将来将获得更大的进步”。故选advances。

25. 【答案】impact；

 【分析】考查名词。“have an impact on…”意为“对......有影响和用途”。故选impact。

3、 完形填空

●   【剖析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在买卖场上，吸引并留住客户就等于买卖的成功，这听起来比较简单可行，但实质并没那样简单。

26. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查介词短语辨析。A. 特别，特别；B. 事实上；C. 至少；D. 第一。in reality等于in fact事实上，依据前后句意：这听起来很简单也易行，但智慧的语言非常快就会被遗忘。in reality在这里用于进一步说明事实的真相。借助排除法，故选B。

27. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 强调；B. 怀疑；C. 忽略；D. 相信。依据前两句可知，一旦公司吸引了顾客，他们常常忘记这个故事的第二部分，即留住顾客。故选C。

28. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 不承认；B. 确保；C. 争论；D. 证明。破折号后面的“__________ that the customer remains a customer”是用来讲解说明前面的“what they regard as the boring side of business”所知的内容的，故依据句意“确保顾客仍然是顾客”可知，B项符合语境。故选B。

29. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 移动；B. 期望；C. 开始；D. 失败。依据上文再联系本句可知，给公司导致重大损失是什么原因没可以集中精力留住顾客和吸引顾客，fail to do sth.没可以做某事，符合句意，故选D。

30. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 市场；B. 味道；C. 价格；D. 花费。依据句意可知，在不断变化的市场中，这司空见惯。故选A。

31. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 文化的；B. 社会的；C. 金融的，经济的；D. 经济的。依据句意可知，到了目前组织才开始对这类丢失的机会醒悟过来并开始计算其中的资金联系。故选C。

32. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 许诺；B. 计划；C. 错误；D. 不同。依据固定搭配和语境可知，make a big difference有非常大影响，有非常大关系。故选D。

33. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 本钱，花费；B. 机会；C. 收益；D. 预算。由第二段最后一句可知，应该是“致使（产生）百分之二十五到八十五的价值增长”。故选C。

34. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查介词短语辨析。A. 结果；B. 大体上；C. 总之；D. 相反。依据句意可知，倘若顾客首次就接收到糟糕的商品或服务，结果他不会再来的，如此公司失去成千上万的潜在的价值。故选A。

35. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 巨大的；B. 有潜力的；C. 额外的；D. 适当的。依据语境可知，公司损失了不少潜在的价值。故选B。

36. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 信念；B. 忠诚；C. 习惯；D. 兴趣，利益。依据语境可知，培育客户粘性背后的逻辑是不可能不承认的。故选B。

37. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 改变，更改；B. 理解；C. 维持；D. 吸引。依据句意可知，事实上，大部分企业的市场努力集中在取得顾客，而极少关心留住他们。故选C。

38. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 猜想的；B. 被尊敬的；C.被打造的，固定的；D. 意料之外的。依据句意可知，固定的顾客总是买更多的商品，有预测性，在服务方面一般比新顾客花费的少。故选C。

39. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 赞同的；B. 灵活的；C. 友好的；D. 敏锐的。依据语境可知，除此之外，固定的顾客总是对价格不太敏锐，他们可以提供口头的免费广告。故选D。

40. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 不公平的；B. 困难的；C. 基本的，要紧的；D. 便捷的。依据语境可知，报留住顾客也使角逐者非常难进入市场或增长市场份额。故选B。

4、 阅读理解

●   【剖析】本文是记叙文。主要介绍了在作者一生中有非常大影响的一位老师，同时也是作者的舅妈。她鼓励作者开发我们的潜能，从图书馆带书回来给作者看，还为作者提供写作的机会等等。

41. 【答案】D

 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第三段中的“I had books at home，but they were all serious classics”可知Aunt Myrtle借给我的书不是“serious classics”，所以排除A；依据文章第二段中的“I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good”可知Aunt Myrtle并未栽培我的音乐技能，所以排除B；依据文章第二段中“I couldn't dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps.”可以排除C；依据文章第二段中的“She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed”可知，Aunt Myrtle把作者带入到成人戏剧中。故选D。

42. 【答案】A

 【分析】词义猜测题。依据文章第三段中的“I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis'sArchy ">43. 【答案】A

 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第四段开头可知，Aunt Myrtle想要培养作者的写作能力。故选A。

44. 【答案】B

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章开头与最后一段可知，Aunt Myrtle在挖掘学生潜能时给予学生自信。故选B。

●   【剖析】本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍了驼背鲸的身体结构特点、生活环境、习性及怎么样捕食等内容，还说明这种鲸现在处于一种濒临灭绝的状况。

45. 【答案】B

 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章右栏中的Environment中的内容“From warm tropical waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.”可知，humpback whale在热带水域繁殖，在寒带水域中觅食，故选B。

46. 【答案】A

 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第二段中的内容“Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap”可知，有时驼背鲸在潜水时会有种意料之外的动作，称为“突破”。在“突破”时，座头鲸会用它强有力的尾巴将自己身体的三分之二在一个飞跃到水的外面，故选A。

47. 【答案】A

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第四段“The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.”可知，座头鲸有一个较小的背鳍，大概是后背三分之二挨近尾部的地方。它其他的特点还包含大的胸鳍，总长有全部身体的三分之一长，与在尾鳍下方有一些特殊的黑与白的点。这类的特征有的像指纹那样。没两条的驼背鲸有同样的标记。A项说法正确，B项错误；由第一段“The name ‘humpback’, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives”可知，起这个名字是由于当它要潜入水中时，会将后背提到一种典型的曲线形状，C项错误和“Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean”，驼背鲸有时称为海洋的表演者，D项说法错误，故选A。

●   【剖析】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了英国一部不是非常健全的法律给考古带来的巨大影响和破坏。为此，考古学家给司法部写信，表示他们对此很关切。

48. 【答案】B

 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第二段和第四段可知，考古学家们觉得此项法律是不适当的，对考古工作也是有破坏性的，故选B。

49. 【答案】C

 【分析】细节理解题。依据第三段第二句“Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.”可知，虽然时间延长了，但这类人类的遗骸还是要被重新埋起来，可知C项正确；依据第三段第二句，可知A项说法错误；依据第四段，可知B项说法错误；文章没提到D项所叙说内容。故选C。

50. 【答案】D

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章最后一段“The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.”可推知，司法部还没对法律做出明确的规定，所以D项说法正确；A项说法与文章内容相悖；依据第五段，可知B项中的副词only绝对化了，所以不正确；C项中的in recent decades说法有误。故选D。

51. 【答案】D

 【分析】主旨大意题。依据文章第一段的句子“Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists（考古学家） says.”可知，法律需要出土的文物要重新被埋入地下，为此不少古时候的秘密就不为人知了，故选D。

5、 信息匹配型任务型阅读

●   【剖析】本文是议论文。以上几个段落主如果关于信息年代中出现的各种现象并且进行了剖析。

52. 【答案】B

 【分析】依据短文第一句话可知，伴随信息年代的到来，与手工工作相比脑力工作成为大家财富的更要紧的来源。所以本段的主旨是关于信息年代的消息，故选B。

53. 【答案】E

 【分析】短文中讲的是一则关于报纸上新闻真伪的笑话，故选E。

54. 【答案】F

 【分析】依据短文第二句话“The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings.”可知，新闻需要吸引各种观众，所以新闻要有娱乐功能故选F。

55. 【答案】C

 【分析】依据短语第一句话可知，本段是关于一个争论，依据第二句和第三句话可知，是一个关于个人描述是不是靠谱的争论，故选C。

56. 【答案】D

 【分析】该段主要讲的是，面对这么多不知真伪新闻，大家有两个选择，关掉电视，或者开始自己探寻值得信任的消息来源，所以本段主旨可以是成为我们的调查新闻记者，故选D。

6、 综合型任务型阅读

●   【剖析】本文是议论文。主要讲解了一个组织的成员多少与交流的关系。社会学家早就认识到，不到200个人的自由流动可以通过操作各成员之间的信息。一旦它们的规模远远超出这一数字，这两个组织获得不够灵活。因此，好像有必要预防总的通信问题导致混乱。文中并且提出知道决问题的办法：组织人数缩减，构建直接的人事关系。

57. 【答案】An organization of more than 200 individuals.

 【分析】本题涉及的论点在第一段。本段中的第一句“Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.”明确告诉大家二百人以内的机构可以保证职员之间自由的信息交流。反向理解则为：超越二百人的机构其职员之间的信息交流会遇见障碍，也就是提干中的“lead to communication failures”。故答案为An organization of more than 200 individuals。

58. 【答案】Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships.

 【分析】本题题干中明确需要考生写“两个解决方法（two solutions）”。第二段的第一句“One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group.”中有一个“solution”，即：“structure large organisations into smaller units of size that can act as a group”。另一个“solution”是“the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships”。因为答卷需要字数不能超越8个字，考生就得对原文中提到的两种解决方法的表述在文字上进行压缩。把句子中次要的成份去除，于是就留下了“structuring…and building…”。故答案为Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships。

59. 【答案】seemed to be more difficult|||seemed to be less satisfying

 【分析】本题涉及的内容在第三段，具体的句子是“The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.”。关键字是“smoothly, until, moved into, more difficult, less satisfying”。题干中的“operation”一词在原文中好像没，其实不然，倒数第二行的“the work”就是指题干中的“operation”。故答案为seemed to be more difficult/less satisfying。

60. 【答案】the close social networks ||| the free flow of information ||| the causal communication

 【分析】从题干的句子形式大家可看出本题要考生回答的是：到底是什么能使机构运作得更成功？在TV Station的例子中大家的知其职员是150人，是第一段中所说的能保证“the free flow of information”的职员编制。同样，大家从第一段中的知自由畅通的信息交流对机构的成功运作非常重要。因此，“the free flow of information”是本题的答案之一。在第二段中大家还要知，把职员分成若干“group”构建“direct personal organization”也是有效地办法，大家把这点可概括为“close personal relationship/close social networks/direct information exchange system”等等。第三，第二段的结尾句“Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.”大家可反其道理解为：“informal/casual personal communication is the way a system works more successfully”。这点也可从TV station搬迁后没设置“coffee room”从而影响了职员之间的交流，致使“the work seemed to be more difficult to do”这一案例得到印证。故答案为the close social networks或the free flow of information或the causal communication。

7、 中文翻译英文

61. 【答案】Why not book tickets online/reserve the ticket on the Internet?|||Why don't you book tickets online/reserve the ticket on the Internet?

 【分析】考查句型“Why not do sth.?”，就等于“Why don't you do sth.?”。在线订票可以表述为book tickets online/reserve the ticket on the Internet。故翻译为Why not book tickets online/reserve the ticket on the Internet?或Why don't you book tickets online/reserve the ticket on the Internet?

62. 【答案】I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar.或I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look very much alike.

 【分析】mistake sb. for sb.意为“将某人误觉得某人”，长得像可以表述为look so similar/very much alike。故翻译为I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar.或I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look very much alike。

63. 【答案】As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children's physical and mental health.

 【分析】as for sb.意为“对于某人而言”，be compared with意为“与……比较起来”，身心健康可以表述为physical and mental health。故翻译为As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children's physical and mental health。

64. 【答案】No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study.或No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further education.

 【分析】No longer表示“不再”，用于句最重要用倒装，维持联系“kept in touch with”。故翻译为：No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study.或No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further education。

65. 【答案】If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your study efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.|||If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.

 【分析】本题考查whatever引导的名词性从句，即宾语从句，可能做某事“be likely to do”。故翻译为If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your study efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.或If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably。

8、 书面表达

66. 【答案】Dear World Child Foundation organizers,

My name is Jerry Lu, a student currently studying at Ming Qi Middle School. I am writing, on behalf of my classmates, to apply for the 2,000 yuan's worth of fund in a bid to initiate a program aimed at helping those students who are financially disadvantaged.

Being raised in families that don't have to worry about putting food on the table need not mean oblivion to our less fortunate peers. On this account, we would appreciate it if you could sponsor our poverty-relief endeavor. The following is how we would go about using the money.

We would spend 1, 500 yuan purchasing some stationery for the needy students in a poverty-stricken area. It is worth noting that we would inform them to pick up the school supplies themselves instead of us "doling out" the supplies so that we wouldn't end up embarrassing those who we want to help. The remainder of the fund would be used to invite a motivational speaker who was to talk about how to lift oneself out of poverty by making right academic and professional decisions.

At the end of the day, our efforts might only trigger a ripple in the lives of some young people, but who knows what butterfly effects these young minds may have on tomorrow's world?

We would be much obliged if you could reply at your earliest convenience.

You can reach me at 2011hope@icf. org.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming     

 【分析】本文为应用文，是提纲类作文。依据对一则启事图片的理解写一封申请信，申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困区域的儿童。写作要素：说明写信目的；个人的基本状况；对申请项目的基本设想；项目经费的用法计划。基本时态为一般目前时，人称以1、三人称为主。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，尽可能用自己熟知的单词句式，同时也应该注意用高级词语和高级句型使文章看上去更有档次。