Forget what you know about reading 忘掉你了解的阅读方法
There is a right way to read a book for pleasure, and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine. However, it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic.
看书娱乐与看书学习有每个都不一样的办法。你可以匆匆看一遍书来娱乐，但假如你用同样的方法来学习则有弊无利。要想理解与血液有关的一本书或是一篇文章，你要采取方案。
Understand genres and themes
知道书的不相同种类别
In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text.
在大部分阅读考试中，学生都被需要看一篇文章并预测接下面的走向。预测是一个非常容易见到的阅读理解方案。该方案的目的是确保你可以通过文中线索预测信息。
Here’s an passage to clarify this point:
这里是一篇短文作为例子：
Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watch the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.
克莱拉握着沉甸甸的大水罐把手，把它从冰箱上拿下来。她不知道为何她母亲觉得她还太小，不可以自己倒果汁喝。她小心翼翼地退后，但冰箱门的橡胶圈碰到了水罐的盖子，克莱拉手一松，水罐掉了下来，摔成碎片，这个时候，她看到母亲走进了厨房。
So, what do you think will happen next? We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient, since we have so little information to go on. But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, you'd make a very different prediction.
下面会发生什么？大家可以猜猜，克莱拉的母亲会怒火中烧还是狂笑不止。这两种状况都非常可能，由于大家了解的信息太少。但没假如我对你说这篇文章节选自恐怖小说，这就会干扰你的答案。同样的，假如我说这篇文章节选自喜剧，你也会做出完全不一样的预测。
It is important to know something about the type of text you're reading. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you comprehend the action.
了解你所读的材料的类别非常重要，知道类别可以帮你预测，也可以帮你理解。
Read with tools
借助工具阅读
Any time you read to learn, you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read, and there are tools that are not so good to use.
每当你一边阅读一边学习，你都要用上阅读方法。阅读工具备好也有坏。
A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text. Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read. A highlighter, on the other hand, can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book, you also give yourself the false impression that you have accomplished anything significant by doing so.
铅笔是个好工具，你可以在书的空白处坐上注解，而不会损毁书本。另一个好工具是便利贴。你可以一边读一边写下你的想法、印象、预测及疑问。荧光笔或许会误事。由于你不但损毁了书本，还给自己留下了已经标出重点的错误印象。
Work the vocabulary skills
学习词语方法
It's a no-brainer that you should take the time to identify and look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But it's important to make a log book of those new words, and revisit them long after you've finished reading that book. The more we study a subject, the more it sinks in.
每人都了解要花时间查阅读中遇见的生词，但要紧的是你要把这类生词记录下来，并在阅读后复习它们。对一个方向的学习越深，你知道的就越多。
Analyze the title
剖析标题（及副标题）
If you are wondering why I would mention the title last, I can assure you that there is a good reason. The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing. A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and make notations galore. Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process. This is why, once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.
假如你好奇为何我在最后提出要剖析标题，我可以向你保证，我有一个绝佳的原因。标题总是是作者写完将来最后要调整的东西。作者会在标题上花费很多的心思，非常常常，作者们取标题时会根据读者们的方案。作者会编辑文章，确定主旨，进行预测，并做很多标记。很多作者都惊叹自己创作过程中的迂回曲折，这也是为何一篇文章写成后，作者会将考虑文章的信息和目的作为最后一步，然后想出新标题。这意味着你可以视标题为线索，来帮你理解这篇文本的信息或目的。
